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HONORARY DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS
2003Third Convocation
Tan Sri Nor Mohamed Yakcop graduated from the University of Malaya in 1972 with a Bachelor of Economics (Honours) degree, and an MBA (cum laude) degree from the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium in 1979. Tan Sri Nor Mohamed's career at Bank Negara began in 1968. He left Bank Negara in 1994 for a short stint in the private sector before returning to Bank Negara in 1998 for another two years until May 2000. During his service with Bank Negara Malaysia, Tan Sri Nor Mohamed was responsible for the implementation of a number of major projects, including the implementation of Islamic banking in Malaysia, the Ar-Rahnu (Islamic pawn broking) system, the setting-up of the bilateral payments mechanism between Bank Negara Malaysia and Central Banks of South-South countries, the setting-up of the Securities Commission, Cagamas Berhad and Rating Agency Malaysia Berhad. He is also one of the founding members of the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM). In May 2000, Tan Sri Nor Mohamed was appointed Special Advisor to the Prime Minister, and played a major role in a number of corporate restructuring exercises, including UEM, MRCB, MAS and Tabung Haji, Johor Corporation, KUB, Langkawi Cable Car and the light rail transit companies (PUTRA and STAR). He was also responsible for the setting up of the PROSPER scheme, which aims to increase Bumiputra participation in the retail sector. Tan Sri Nor Mohamed had previously served as a member on the boards of the Securities Commission, Cagamas Berhad, Government Pension Fund, Johore Heritage Trust Fund, Pengurusan Pelaburan ASN Berhad, SEACEN Trust Fund and Malaysia Airlines. Tan Sri Nor Mohamed Yakcop received the Honorary Doctorate Degree in Economics from YABhg. Tun Chancellor of Universiti Tun Abdul Razak on 11 October 2003 during its 3rd Convocation Ceremony. Third Convocation
Tengku Datuk Dr. Mohd Azzman Shariffadeen bin Tengku Ibrahim is best known as the President and Chief Executive Officer of MIMOS Berhad. He studied at University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, United Kingdom, received his PhD in 1974, and went on to lecture at the University of Malaya (UM). Tengku Datuk Dr. Mohd Azzman Shariffadeen bin Tengku Ibrahim is best known as the President and Chief Executive Officer of MIMOS Berhad. He studied at University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, United Kingdom, received his PhD in 1974, and went on to lecture at the University of Malaya (UM). He was appointed the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering in 1975. In 1984, he left UM to form MIMOS (the Malaysian Institute of Microelectronic Systems) which was later corporatised into MIMOS Berhad. Tengku Datuk Dr. Mohd Azzman Shariffadeen helped to catalyse the formation of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) and has contributed to the development of the National IT Agenda. Among others, he is a Fellow of the Academy of Science Malaysia; Fellow of the Institute of Engineers, Malaysia; Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, USA; Member of the National Council for Scientific Research and Development (NCSRD) and is also appointed as Fellow of a Centre for Global Communications (GLOCOM), Japan. He was also the Secretary to the National Information Technology Council (NITC). In 1990, he was conferred the Johan Setia Mahkota (JSM) award and in 1996, the Panglima Jasa Negara (PJN). His contributions and achievements in the IT Industry has also earned him the 5th ASEAN Achievement Award in Information Technology by the Asean Business Forum in 1997. The Association of the Computer Industry Malaysia (PIKOM) awarded him its 10th Anniversary Recognition Award in 1996, as well as its IT Achievement Award in 1992. Dr Tengku Mohd Azzman serves as Adjunct Professor at the University Utara Malaysia and the International Islamic University, Malaysia. He has presented and published more than 70 papers locally and internationally. Tengku Datuk Dr. Mohd Azzman Shariffadeen received the Honorary Doctorate Degree in Information Technology from YABhg. Tun Chancellor of Universiti Tun Abdul Razak on 11th October 2003 during its 3rd Convocation Ceremony. 2005Fifth Convocation
Datuk Hassan Harun's contributions to the promotion and development of private education in Malaysia are exceptional. He is recognised as an educationist as reflected in his various official appointments in the past such as a member of UMNO Education Bureau, National Brains Trust on Education of ISIS, and a Board Member of the National Education Fund Corporation (PTPTN). Datuk Hassan Harun's contributions to the promotion and development of private education in Malaysia are exceptional. He is recognised as an educationist as reflected in his various official appointments in the past such as a member of UMNO's Education Bureau, National Brains Trust on Education of ISIS, and a Board Member of the National Education Fund Corporation (PTPTN). In May 1968, together with two friends, he established Institut Pendidikan Kelantan. By the end of 1969, Datuk Hassan with 11 other partners initiated another private school called Maktab Adabi which became a phenomenal success. In 1971, he left to continue his studies at Universiti Malaya. During his final year in 1973 at the university, he established another private school, Akademi Kenali in Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. All these institutions were characterised by a common objective to provide educational opportunities to help less successful students to continue their studies. In 1976, he was invited to return to the helm of the Adabi Group, which he successfully turned around and led to new heights with renewed vigour and vision. After accomplishing the mission, he once again went on to further his studies at the Asian Institute of Management in Manila. One of the challenges Datuk Hassan faced was the democratisation of educational opportunities at post secondary level especially for the Malay medium students. The lack of opportunities prompted Datuk Hassan to call on the government institutions like ITM and polytechnics as early as in 1977 to liberalise and franchise their courses to private educational institutions like the Adabi Group. In the mid eighties Datuk Hassan restructured the Adabi Group and initiated the Institut Pengajian Tinggi Adabi (IPTA) which offered internal diploma courses and a twinning programme, in collaboration with Universitas Nasional Indonesia. IPTA later was sold to KUB in 1991, and renamed Institut Teknologi Tun Abdul Razak (ITTAR), which became one of the leading Bumiputera-owned providers of education in the country. The success of ITTAR led Datuk Hassan in 1994 to envision another monumental project, He set up a futuristic private university on banking on the novel emerging e-learning concept. The idea of a private university also preceded the promulgation of the Universities and University Colleges Act 1996, which liberalises tertiary education in Malaysia. Datuk Hassan's plans for the university were approved by the government in early 1997, and Universiti Tun Abdul Razak became the pioneer university in e-learning. Datuk Hassan has since retired from all positions in KUB Malaysia Berhad and its subsidiaries including Universiti Tun Abdul Razak and ITTAR. However, his love for education continues. Datuk Hassan as a lifelong educationist does not retire but soldiers on with other projects. He derives extreme satisfaction in knowing that tens of thousands of young people have passed through and will continue to pass through the various schools he had established since the 1960s which gave them the critical second chance of their lifetime. Datuk Hassan was conferred the Honorary Doctorate Degree in Education from YABhg. Tun Chancellor of Universiti Tun Abdul Razak on 24th September 2005 during its 5th Convocation Ceremony. 2006Sixth Convocation
Dato' Seri Rafidah Aziz is one of the nation's foremost female leaders who is well known for her achievements in promoting economic development of the country. Dato' Seri Rafidah studied economy at Universiti Malaya and received her degree in 1966. She was appointed as a senator from 1970 to 1974. In 1982, she contested and won the parliamentary seat in Kuala Kangsar and she continues to hold the seat until today. Dato' Seri Rafidah Aziz is one of the nation's foremost female leaders who is well known for her achievements in promoting economic development of the country. Dato' Seri Rafidah studied economy at Universiti Malaya and received her degree in 1966. She was appointed as a senator from 1970 to 1974. In 1982, she contested and won the parliamentary seat in Kuala Kangsar and she continues to hold the seat until today. As the Minister at the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, a portfolio she has held from 1987 until April 2008, she is unmatched by any of her peers globally. Under her astute leadership, the ministry has managed to steer the nation's economic development by formulating policies that have proven to be effective in attracting foreign investors to turn their sights to Malaysia. Her tireless efforts have resulted in the country's strong economic growth through foreign trade. Although burdened with responsibilities at her constituency, Dato' Seri Rafidah still finds time to extend her support and energy to social activities. At one time or another, she has been entrusted with the post of an advisor to Gabungan Pelajar-Pelajar Melayu Semenanjung Malaysia (GPMS), and has been the benefactor for various organizations like PENIAGAWATI, NEWEM, IABC, USAHANITA, AOTS and Gabungan Kontraktor Wanita Malaysia. Dato' Seri Rafidah received the Honorary Doctorate Degree in Economics from YABhg. Tun Chancellor on 16 September 2006 during its 6th Convocation Ceremony. 2007Seventh Convocation
General Tan Sri Abdul Aziz Hj Zainal was born in Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan on 26th August 1951. He attended his secondary education at Boys Wing, Royal Military College (RMC) in Sungai Besi. He then joined Officer Cadet training and was commissioned into the Royal Malay Regiment (RMR) in 1971. His maiden posting was to 3rd RMR as Platoon Commander effective 16th April 1971. General Tan Sri Abdul Aziz Hj Zainal was born in Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan on 26th August 1951. He attended his secondary education at Boys Wing, Royal Military College (RMC) in Sungai Besi. He then joined Officer Cadet training and was commissioned into the Royal Malay Regiment (RMR) in 1971. His maiden posting was to 3rd RMR as Platoon Commander effective 16th April 1971. As an infantry officer, General Tan Sri Abdul Aziz has served in several capacities in RMR battalions reaching to the level of Commanding Officer, and has held several key command and staff appointments in various headquarters, departments and training establishments. These include Staff Officer 2 Human Resource in the Infantry Directorate, Army Headquarters and Chief Instructor of the Army Management School in Port Dickson. He was also assigned as Military Assistant to the Chief of Defence Force in 1985. As a Colonel, he was appointed as Commandant of the Army Combat Training Centre, as well as Chief of Staff in the Department of Planning and Development. General Tan Sri Abdul Aziz is a graduate of the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) Staff College and MAF Defence College. Upon promotion to Brigadier General in 1997, he was made Assistant Chief of Staff Operations and Training in the Army Headquarters. Subsequently, he was made Commander of the 4 Mechanised Brigade from 1998 to 2000, and Chief of Staff of the Army Headquarters. His next promotion to Major General saw him taking over the post of General Officer Commanding 3 Division. He assumed command as Army Field Commander in August 2003, and on 9 September 2004 was made Chief of Army. General Tan Sri Abdul Aziz was appointed as Chief of Defence Force on 1st February 2007. General Tan Sri Abdul Aziz has diverse experiences at the international level. He was Assistant Defence Attache in Philippines from 1981 to 1983, and served in NATO as the Malaysian Contingent Commander in Bosnia Herzegovina from 1996 to 1997. He has also attended several courses and seminars overseas, such as the Battle Shooting Management Course in the United Kingdom, the Peace Support Operations Seminar in Victoria, British Colombia, and the Pacific Armies Management Seminars in Sydney, Tokyo, and Calgary. In 1996, he graduated with a Master's Degree in Management from the Asian Institute of Management, Manila. In recognition of his distinguished service to the nation, he has been conferred with numerous awards. Among them is the Darjah Panglima Gagah Angkatan Tentera (PGAT) conferred by Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong XII on 15th November 2005 on the occasion of the 72nd Anniversary of the Malaysian Armed Forces. He was also conferred the Darjah Kebesaran Panglima Mangku Negara (PMN) (First Class), which carries the title Tan Sri, by Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong XIII, Al-Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Ibni Almarhum Al-Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Al-Haj on 2nd June 2007. Apart from that, General Tan Sri Abdul Aziz has also received various awards in recognition of his meritorious career. These include the "Asian Institute of Management - Alumni Achievement Award" received on 3rd April 2007 , and the "Old Putera Association of the Year Award" on 16th June 2007 . He has also made significant contributions when he was at the helm of the Malaysian Army amongst others introducing the Army mission and vision known as "2 10 + 10", and the "Balance Score Card" as an instrument to gauge performance, as well as writing a book entitled, "The Marksman", which highlights the Army management philosophy. General Tan Sri Abdul Aziz received the Honorary Doctorate Degree in Management from YABhg. Tun Chancellor of Universiti Tun Abdul Razak on 16th December 2007 during its 7th Convocation Ceremony. 2008Eighth Convocation
Professor Gavin Brown was born on 27th February 1942 in Lundin Links, Fife, Scotland. He was awarded a Harkness Scholarship to study at the University of St. Andrews, where he graduated with a Master of Arts degree (First Class Honours and the Duncan Medal) in 1963. Professor Brown was then awarded a Carnegie Scholarship, which enabled him to undertake postgraduate study at the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne where he was awarded a PhD in 1966. Professor Gavin Brown was born on 27th February 1942 in Lundin Links, Fife, Scotland. He was awarded a Harkness Scholarship to study at the University of St. Andrews, where he graduated with a Master of Arts degree (First Class Honours and the Duncan Medal) in 1963. Professor Brown was then awarded a Carnegie Scholarship, which enabled him to undertake postgraduate study at the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne where he was awarded a PhD in 1966. Professor Brown also spent a year as a Junior Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh. Professor Brown commenced his academic career at the University of Liverpool, where he rose to the rank of Senior Lecturer in Mathematics. After accepting the Chair of Pure Mathematics at the University of New South Wales in 1975, Professor Brown and his family migrated to Australia. At the University of New South Wales, Professor Brown held a number of academic administrative posts, including Head of the Department of Pure Mathematics, Head of the School of Mathematics and, from 1989 - 1992, Dean of the Faculty of Science. During his time at University of New South Wales, Professor Brown's mathematical research and, in particular, his work involving Fourier analysis, led to the award of the Sir Edmund Whittaker Memorial Prize and the Australian Mathematical Society Medal. He was also elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and later became a member of its Council (1992-1995) and Vice-President (1993-1994). Professor Brown also held Visiting Professorships at the University of Paris, the University of Cambridge and the University of Washington. From 1988-1993, Professor Brown was also actively involved in the work of the Australian Research Council. He chaired several of its funding committees and, during 1992-1993, was a member of its Council. In 1992 he was appointed as Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) at the University of Adelaide and in January 1994, he became Vice-Chancellor and held this post until he resigned on 30 June 1996. Professor Brown took up the position of Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the University of Sydney on 1 July 1996. Author of more than 100 research papers, Professor Brown continues active mathematical research and is on the board of several international journals. He is a regular commentator on higher education policy and has given invited presentations to international meetings, most recently in China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Hong Kong, Germany, US and Britain. He is immediate past President of the international group of universities, Academic Consortium 21, Chair of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities and Foundation Chairman of the Go8 universities. He has served on the executive of the Business Higher Education Round Table, the Global Foundation and the Australian government's Business, Industry and Higher Education Collaboration Council. In 1997 Professor Brown was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws by the University of St. Andrews and in 2004 an Honorary Doctor of Laws by the University of Dundee. In January 2006 Professor Brown was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia. In March 2007 Professor Brown was elected as a Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Professor Brown was appointed as the Inaugural Director of the Royal Institution Australia in August 2008. 2009Ninth Convocation
Y.Bhg. Tan Sri Mohd Sidek bin Haji Hassan was born on 24 June 1951 in Pekan, Pahang Darul Makmur. Upon graduating with a Bachelor's Degree in Economics (Honours) in Public Administration from the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur in 1974, he was appointed to the Administrative and Diplomatic Service (PTD) of the Public Service Department on 15 April 1974 as Assistant Secretary at the Ministry of Trade of Malaysia. Y.Bhg. Tan Sri Mohd Sidek bin Haji Hassan was born on 24 June 1951 in Pekan, Pahang Darul Makmur. Upon graduating with a Bachelor's Degree in Economics (Honours) in Public Administration from the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur in 1974, he was appointed to the Administrative and Diplomatic Service (PTD) of the Public Service Department on 15 April 1974 as Assistant Secretary at the Ministry of Trade of Malaysia. During his tenure at the Ministry, he was assigned as Assistant Trade Commissioner at the Malaysian Embassy in Tokyo, Japan; Malaysian Trade Commissioner in Sydney, Australia; Deputy Director of Policy, Industrial Development Division; Deputy Director (Operations), Policy and Research Division; Minister Counsellor of Economic Affairs at the Malaysian Trade Commissioner's Office in Washington D.C., United States of America; and Director of Multilateral Relations Division. Apart from these, he has also held offices as Principal Assistant Director and Deputy Director, at the Implementation and Coordination Unit (ICU) of the Prime Minister's Department. While in service, Tan Sri Sidek received an offer from the Public Service Department of Malaysia to pursue his Master's education. He chose to advance in Business Administration as a means to equip himself further in facing the challenges in store for the nation's public administration. As a result, he obtained his Masters in Business Administration (MBA) from New Hampshire College, United States of America in 1984. Y.Bhg. Tan Sri Mohd Sidek has extensive working experience in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. He was then appointed as Deputy Secretary-General on 19 January 2001 and subsequently as Secretary- General of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) on 24 October 2004. Owing to his excellent service and leadership qualities in line with the present requirements of the nation's public service, Y. Bhg. Tan Sri Mohd Sidek bin Haji Hassan was officially appointed by Seri Paduka Baginda Yang Di- Pertuan Agong as Chief Secretary to the Government effective 3rd September 2006. In recognition of Tan Sri Sidek's service and dedication for the nation, he has received a host of Honorary Awards from the Federal Government and State Government. Some of the Honorary Awards bestowed upon Tan Sri Sidek include the Kesatria Mangku Negara (K.M.N.); Panglima Mangku Negara (P.M.N.), (that carries the title of Tan Sri); Panglima Setia Mahkota (P.S.M.), (that carries the title of Tan Sri); Darjah Indera Mahkota Pahang(D.I.M.P); Darjah Kebesaran Sultan Ahmad Shah Pahang Yang Amat Di Mulia - Peringkat Pertama Sri Sultan Ahmad Shah Pahang (S.S.A.P.) (that carries the title of Dato' Seri); Panglima Negara Bintang Sarawak, (P. N. B. S.) (that carries the title of Dato Sri); and Darjah Seri Paduka Cura Si Manja Kini (S.P.C.M.) (that carries the title of Dato Seri). As Chief Secretary to the Government, Tan Sri Sidek is assigned as Secretary to the Cabinet Meeting / Special Cabinet Meeting, Menteri Besar and Chief Ministers' Meeting, and Special Ministerial Meeting to Review the Progress of the Implementation of Decisions of the Inter-Governmental Report (IGC) 1962. Pursuant to the powers vested under the relevant Acts and by virtue of the position, the Chief Secretary to the Government is Chairman, Member and Secretary to several Committees and Meetings as part of his roles and responsibilities. By reason thereof, Tan Sri Sidek is presently Chairman to 29 Committees, Panel and Task Force formed by the Government to coordinate, monitor and implement the Nation's development policies and strategies. These include Meeting of Secretaries General of Ministries and Heads of Services; Meeting of the Heads of Federal Departments; Liaison Meeting Between the Federal Government and State Government; Meeting of the Chief Executives of the Federal Statutory Bodies; Meeting of the National Development Planning Committee (JPPN); Meeting of the Government's Internet and IT Committee (JITIK); Meeting of the Public Complaints Permanent Committee (JKTPA); Meeting of the National Action Working Committee (JKTN); and the recently formed Special Task Force to Facilitate Business (PEMUDAH). Apart from being Chairman to the abovementioned Committees, Tan Sri Sidek is also a Member of nine (9) National Executive Committees, including among others, the International Advisory Panel for the Multimedia Super Corridor; Committee of Special Cabinet on Integrity in Government Management; Cabinet Committee on Establishment and Salaries of Employees in the Public Sector; National Security Council; and National Economic Council. The management and administration of the Nation's public service, calls for the institution of a public service that is not only effective, competent and efficient but also with integrity. In this regard, Tan Sri Sidek has been entrusted as the Chairman of the Malaysian Institute of Integrity that genuinely aspires to raise a Public Service that was on a par with developed countries in terms of integrity. In the academic aspect, Tan Sri Sidek is also directly involved in pitching for human capital development with his appointment as the President of the International Islamic University of Malaysia (UIAM) from June 2008. Well known for his sternness, Y. Bhg. Tan Sri Sidek also constantly emphasizes discipline in his administration to steer the Malaysian Public Service towards excellence and glory. By virtue of his righteousness, Tan Sri Sidek was recently delegated by the Yang Amat Berhormat Prime Minister to chair a Special Task Force for the Development of the Port Klang Free Zone (PKFZ). This Task Force will identify weaknesses in the governance and management in implementing the PKFZ Development Project as well as recommend measures for improvement, if necessary, and further identify measures to make PKFZ more progressive. Tan Sri Sidek, now 58, has been blissfully married to Y.Bhg. Puan Sri Wan Noorlina binti Wan Hussin for 33 years. They are blessed with 4 children - 2 daughters and 2 sons - all successful in their respective careers. Sidek is also a doting grandfather to his 3 grandchildren. Despite a tight schedule in light of his capacity as the highest authority in the Malaysian Public Service with a workforce of more than 1.2 million, Tan Sri Sidek does not disregard the fact that an active mind ensures a healthy body. Tan Sri Sidek spends limited time playing golf for leisure that also transpires to be an opportunity to interact with various clients and stakeholders. He is also the President of the Kelab Golf Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia(KGPA), the one and exclusive Golf Club for Government Officers and the Yang Di Pertua of the Malaysian Civil Servants Welfare and Sports Council (MAKSAK). 2010Tenth Convocation
He is the current Group CEO and Managing Director of Kumpulan Media Karangkraf Sdn. Bhd., and oversees:
YBhg. Dato' Hussamuddin is also a dedicated philanthropist having established two trust funds, Yayasan Nur Karangkraf and Dana Pendidikan Karangkraf. The former gives out funds to single mothers and unfortunate families, and the latter sponsors about 300 college students per year spending RM 2 million annually. His awards include:
He is happily married to YBhg Datin Jamilah Yahya and has 6 children. 2011Eleventh Convocation
He attributes his success to his disciplined leadership traits such as punctuality, discipline, honesty and frugality. "If you arrive on time you are late!" This motto was embraced by his employees and family members. Dato' Haji Ameer Ali has devoted his energies and expertise for Malaysia's economic well-being. He made significant contributions to the development of the Malaysian retail industry not only by actively supporting and promoting local products and IKS/PKS but also doing business the wholesome way by embracing Halal products and services. In recognition of Dato' Haji Ameer Ali's contributions to the aspirations of the Malaysian Retail Industry and bumiputera entrepreneurs, he was bestowed with several awards. These include:
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Tan Sri Nor Mohamed Yakcop Honorary Doctorate Degree in Economics.
Tengku Datuk Dr. Mohd Azzman Shariffadeen bin Tengku Ibrahim Honorary Doctorate Degree in Information Technology
Datuk (Dr.) Hassan bin Harun Honorary Doctorate Degree in Education
Dato' Seri Rafidah Aziz Honorary Doctorate Degree in Economics
General Tan Sri Abdul Aziz Hj Zainal Honorary Doctorate Degree in Management
Professor Gavin Brown, AO FAA CorrFRSE Honorary Doctorate Degree in Education
Tan Sri Mohd Sidek Hj Hassan Honorary Doctorate Degree in Public Administration
YBhg Dato' Hussamuddin graduated in 1978 from University Kebangsaan Malaysia with a degree in Economics. He went on to found and become the majority owner of Kumpulan Media Karangkraf Sdn. Bhd., a Malaysian media/publishing/printing business conglomerate that employs 1400 workers and generates a group annual sales turnover of more than RM300 million yearly.
YBhg. Dato' Haji Ameer Ali bin Mydin was born on June 4, 1956 in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, and is the Managing Director of Mydin Mohamed Holdings Bhd. With strong and continuous support from his family members and staff, he made MYDIN the largest wholesaler and retailer in the country, operating more than 95 branches across Peninsular Malaysia. The MYDIN business chain has grown into different types of businesses ranging from emporiums, hypermarkets, convenience stores, mini markets and bazaars, and MYDIN's turnover currently exceeds RM1.6 billion per annum. 



